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Adaptive Risk-Based Authentication & Device Trust Engine (AADE)

A production-ready backend authentication security system that dynamically evaluates login risk signals and adjusts user access levels based on trust scores, device familiarity, and verification outcomes.

Overview

AADE provides sophisticated risk-based authentication that adapts to user behavior and context. It evaluates multiple risk factors in real-time to assign trust levels to sessions, requiring additional verification only when necessary. This approach balances security with user experience.

Key Features

Authentication & Security

  • Multi-factor authentication (MFA) with email/password
  • Real-time risk scoring based on device, location, IP reputation, and behavioral signals
  • Dynamic session trust levels: FULL_TRUST, LIMITED_TRUST, UNVERIFIED, HIGH_RISK
  • Step-up authentication for privilege escalation
  • JWT-based token management with RS256 signing
  • Refresh token rotation for enhanced security
  • Argon2id password hashing

Device Management

  • Device fingerprinting and recognition
  • Device trust registry with TRUSTED/UNTRUSTED/PENDING states
  • Device revocation with session invalidation
  • Device metadata tracking (browser, OS, IP address)

Session Management

  • Stateless session design with Redis caching
  • Multiple concurrent session support
  • Session termination and management
  • Trust level enforcement per endpoint

Security & Monitoring

  • Comprehensive audit logging for all security events
  • Rate limiting on all endpoints
  • CORS and Helmet security headers
  • Input validation with express-validator
  • Prometheus metrics for monitoring
  • Health check endpoints

Prerequisites

  • Node.js 18+ or 20+
  • PostgreSQL 14+
  • Redis 6+
  • npm or yarn

Quick Start

# Clone the repository
git clone git@github.com:Victoryoola/Auth-System.git
cd authsystem

# Install dependencies
npm install

# Configure environment
cp .env.example .env
# Edit .env with your configuration

# Run database migrations
npm run migrate

# Start the development server
npm run dev

Visit http://localhost:3000/health to verify the server is running.

Installation

1. Install Dependencies

npm install

2. Configure Environment

Copy .env.example to .env and configure:

# Server Configuration
NODE_ENV=development
PORT=3000

# Database Configuration
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=5432
DB_NAME=aade_db
DB_USER=postgres
DB_PASSWORD=your_secure_password

# Redis Configuration
REDIS_HOST=localhost
REDIS_PORT=6379
REDIS_PASSWORD=

# JWT Configuration
JWT_ACCESS_SECRET=your_jwt_access_secret_here
JWT_REFRESH_SECRET=your_jwt_refresh_secret_here
JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRY=15m
JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRY=7d

# Security Configuration
BCRYPT_ROUNDS=12
RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS=900000
RATE_LIMIT_MAX_REQUESTS=100

3. Set Up Database

# Create PostgreSQL database
createdb aade_db

# Run migrations
npm run migrate

4. Start the Server

# Development mode with hot reload
npm run dev

# Production mode
npm run build
npm start

Development

Available Scripts

# Development
npm run dev              # Start development server with hot reload

# Testing
npm test                 # Run all tests
npm run test:watch       # Run tests in watch mode
npm run test:coverage    # Run tests with coverage report

# Code Quality
npm run lint             # Lint code
npm run lint:fix         # Fix linting issues
npm run format           # Format code with Prettier
npm run format:check     # Check code formatting

# Build
npm run build            # Build for production
npm start                # Start production server

# Database
npm run migrate          # Run database migrations

Project Structure

adaptive-risk-auth-engine/
├── src/
│   ├── config/          # Configuration files (database, redis)
│   ├── controllers/     # API route controllers
│   ├── middleware/      # Express middleware (auth, error handling)
│   ├── models/          # Data models and database schemas
│   ├── routes/          # API route definitions
│   ├── services/        # Business logic services
│   ├── types/           # TypeScript type definitions
│   ├── utils/           # Utility functions
│   └── index.ts         # Application entry point
├── migrations/          # Database migration scripts
├── docs/                # Documentation
│   ├── api-reference.md
│   ├── integration-guide.md
│   ├── deployment-guide.md
│   ├── setup-guide.md
│   ├── database-schema.md
│   └── openapi.yaml
├── scripts/             # Utility scripts
└── tests/               # Test files

Core Concepts

Trust Levels

Sessions are assigned trust levels based on risk assessment:

  • FULL_TRUST: Low risk, trusted device - full access to all operations
  • LIMITED_TRUST: Moderate risk - restricted access to sensitive operations
  • UNVERIFIED: Elevated risk or unknown device - requires step-up authentication
  • HIGH_RISK: High risk - minimal or read-only access

Risk Factors

The risk engine evaluates multiple factors:

  • Device familiarity (known vs. unknown devices)
  • Geographic anomalies (unusual locations)
  • IP reputation (VPN, proxy, known bad actors)
  • Login velocity (rapid login attempts)
  • Failed authentication attempts
  • Behavioral patterns

Step-Up Authentication

When a user attempts a sensitive operation with insufficient trust level, they can increase their session trust through step-up authentication:

  1. User initiates step-up challenge (EMAIL_OTP, SMS_OTP, or AUTHENTICATOR_APP)
  2. System sends verification code
  3. User verifies with OTP
  4. Session trust level is elevated to FULL_TRUST

API Endpoints

Authentication

Endpoint Method Description Auth Required
/auth/login POST User login with email/password No
/auth/mfa/verify POST Verify MFA code No
/auth/refresh POST Refresh access token No
/auth/logout POST Logout and terminate session Yes

Step-Up Authentication

Endpoint Method Description Auth Required
/auth/step-up/initiate POST Initiate verification challenge Yes (requireVerified)
/auth/step-up/verify POST Verify OTP No
/auth/step-up/resend POST Resend OTP No

Device Management

Endpoint Method Description Auth Required
/devices GET List user devices Yes (requireVerified)
/devices/:id/trust PUT Update device trust status Yes (requireVerified)
/devices/:id DELETE Revoke device Yes (requireVerified)

Session Management

Endpoint Method Description Auth Required
/sessions GET List active sessions Yes (requireVerified)
/sessions/:id DELETE Terminate session Yes (requireVerified)

Audit Logs

Endpoint Method Description Auth Required
/audit-logs GET Retrieve audit logs Yes (requireVerified)

Example: Login Flow

# 1. Login with credentials
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/auth/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "email": "user@example.com",
    "password": "SecurePassword123!",
    "deviceInfo": {
      "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0...",
      "screenResolution": "1920x1080",
      "timezone": "America/New_York",
      "language": "en-US"
    }
  }'

# Response (if MFA not required):
{
  "accessToken": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9...",
  "refreshToken": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9...",
  "trustLevel": "FULL_TRUST",
  "expiresIn": 900,
  "requiresMFA": false
}

# 2. Make authenticated requests
curl -X GET http://localhost:3000/devices \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <access_token>"

# 3. Refresh token when expired
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/auth/refresh \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "refreshToken": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9..."
  }'

See the API Reference for detailed documentation and examples.

Documentation

Getting Started

API Documentation

Integration

  • Integration Guide - How to integrate AADE into your application
    • Web application integration (React, Vue, Angular)
    • Mobile application integration (React Native, Flutter)
    • Backend-to-backend integration
    • Common scenarios and code examples
    • Client libraries and SDKs

Deployment

  • Deployment Guide - Production deployment instructions
    • Infrastructure requirements
    • Docker deployment with docker-compose
    • Kubernetes deployment with Helm
    • Cloud deployments (AWS ECS/EKS, GCP Cloud Run/GKE, Azure AKS)
    • Horizontal and vertical scaling
    • Monitoring, logging, and observability
    • Security hardening
    • Backup and disaster recovery

Technology Stack

Backend

  • Node.js 18+ with TypeScript
  • Express.js - Web framework
  • PostgreSQL 14+ - Primary database
  • Redis 6+ - Session caching and rate limiting

Security

  • Argon2id - Password hashing
  • jsonwebtoken - JWT token management with RS256
  • Helmet - Security headers
  • express-rate-limit - Rate limiting
  • express-validator - Input validation

Monitoring & Observability

  • prom-client - Prometheus metrics
  • Winston - Structured logging

Testing

  • Jest - Testing framework
  • Supertest - HTTP assertions
  • fast-check - Property-based testing

Security Features

Authentication Security

  • Argon2id password hashing with configurable cost
  • JWT tokens signed with RS256 (asymmetric encryption)
  • Refresh token rotation to prevent token replay attacks
  • MFA support with TOTP/OTP
  • Account lockout after failed attempts

Network Security

  • CORS configuration
  • Helmet security headers (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, etc.)
  • Rate limiting on all endpoints
  • Input validation and sanitization

Data Security

  • Encrypted database connections (SSL/TLS)
  • Secure Redis connections
  • Environment variable management
  • No sensitive data in logs

Monitoring & Audit

  • Comprehensive audit logging for all security events
  • Failed authentication tracking
  • Suspicious activity detection
  • Real-time metrics and alerting

Performance

Optimizations

  • Connection pooling for PostgreSQL
  • Redis caching for session data
  • Stateless design for horizontal scaling
  • Efficient database indexes
  • Async/await for non-blocking I/O

Benchmarks

  • Login: ~100-200ms (including risk evaluation)
  • Token refresh: ~50-100ms
  • Device lookup: ~20-50ms (cached)
  • Risk evaluation: ~50-100ms

Scaling

  • Horizontal scaling: Add more application instances
  • Database: Read replicas, connection pooling
  • Redis: Cluster mode for high availability
  • Load balancing: Round-robin or least-connections

Deployment Options

Docker

# Build image
docker build -t aade:latest .

# Run with docker-compose
docker-compose up -d

Kubernetes

# Deploy to Kubernetes
kubectl apply -f k8s/

# Scale deployment
kubectl scale deployment aade --replicas=5

Cloud Platforms

  • AWS: ECS, EKS, or Lambda with API Gateway
  • Google Cloud: Cloud Run, GKE, or Cloud Functions
  • Azure: Container Instances, AKS, or Azure Functions

See the Deployment Guide for detailed instructions.

Monitoring

Health Checks

  • GET /health - Basic health check
  • GET /ready - Readiness check (includes DB and Redis connectivity)

Metrics

Prometheus metrics available at /metrics:

  • http_requests_total - Total HTTP requests
  • http_request_duration_seconds - Request latency
  • auth_attempts_total - Authentication attempts
  • risk_evaluation_duration_seconds - Risk evaluation latency
  • session_creation_total - Session creations
  • token_refresh_total - Token refreshes

Logging

Structured JSON logging with Winston:

  • Request/response logging
  • Error logging with stack traces
  • Security event logging
  • Performance metrics

Configuration

Environment Variables

Variable Description Default Required
NODE_ENV Environment mode development No
PORT Server port 3000 No
DB_HOST PostgreSQL host localhost Yes
DB_PORT PostgreSQL port 5432 No
DB_NAME Database name - Yes
DB_USER Database user - Yes
DB_PASSWORD Database password - Yes
REDIS_HOST Redis host localhost Yes
REDIS_PORT Redis port 6379 No
REDIS_PASSWORD Redis password - No
JWT_ACCESS_SECRET JWT access token secret - Yes
JWT_REFRESH_SECRET JWT refresh token secret - Yes
JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRY Access token expiry 15m No
JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRY Refresh token expiry 7d No
BCRYPT_ROUNDS Argon2 cost parameter 12 No
RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS Rate limit window 900000 No
RATE_LIMIT_MAX_REQUESTS Max requests per window 100 No
LOG_LEVEL Logging level info No

See .env.example for a complete configuration template.

Testing

Running Tests

# Run all tests
npm test

# Run tests in watch mode
npm run test:watch

# Run tests with coverage
npm run test:coverage

Test Coverage

The project maintains high test coverage:

  • Unit tests for all services
  • Integration tests for API endpoints
  • Property-based tests for critical logic
  • Mock implementations for external dependencies

Test Structure

src/
├── services/
│   ├── AuthService.ts
│   ├── AuthService.test.ts
│   ├── RiskEngine.ts
│   └── RiskEngine.test.ts
└── index.test.ts

Contributing

Development Workflow

  1. Fork the repository
  2. Create a feature branch: git checkout -b feature/my-feature
  3. Make your changes
  4. Run tests: npm test
  5. Run linting: npm run lint
  6. Commit your changes: git commit -am 'Add new feature'
  7. Push to the branch: git push origin feature/my-feature
  8. Submit a pull request

Code Style

  • Follow TypeScript best practices
  • Use ESLint and Prettier for code formatting
  • Write tests for new features
  • Document public APIs
  • Keep functions small and focused

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Database connection errors

# Check PostgreSQL is running
pg_isready -h localhost -p 5432

# Verify credentials in .env

Redis connection errors

# Check Redis is running
redis-cli ping

# Should return: PONG

Port already in use

# Change PORT in .env or kill the process
lsof -ti:3000 | xargs kill -9

Migration errors

# Reset database and re-run migrations
dropdb aade_db
createdb aade_db
npm run migrate

See the Setup Guide for more troubleshooting tips.

Roadmap

  • WebAuthn/FIDO2 support
  • Biometric authentication
  • Advanced anomaly detection with ML
  • GraphQL API
  • Admin dashboard
  • Multi-tenancy support
  • OAuth2/OIDC provider
  • Passwordless authentication

License

MIT License - see LICENSE file for details.

Support

Acknowledgments

Built with modern security best practices and inspired by industry-leading authentication systems.

About

This is a custom authentication system that reduces user's account compromises. This improves user account safety, less brand damages from security incidents, lower fraud losses and better customer satisfaction

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