Added Python Loops, Functions, and Objects

python/functions

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+#the def keyword is used to make a function in python.
+#code that is part of the function needs to be indented four spaces
+
+def first_hello():
+    name = str(input("What is your name? "))
+    print("Hello {}".format(name))
+
+#functions can take arguments as well.
+def second_hello(name):
+    print("Hello {}".format(name))
+
+#to call a function simply simply type the name of the function
+#followed by its parameter(s) (if it takes any).
+
+first_hello()  
+second_hello("Samuel")  # since we have to pass a string for the name argument

python/loops

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+#loops are used to repeat parts of your code.
+#There are two main ways to loop in Python,
+#Using a FOR loop and a WHILE loop
+
+#a for loop is written like this, the spaces are mandatory
+for i in range(1,10):
+    print(i)        
+
+#make sure to add a comma in between your numbers and a colon at the end of the initial line.
+#the range function is exclusive therefore the output would be numbers 1 through 9 not including 10.
+
+#a while loop is written as follows
+x = 10
+y = 0
+while x > y:  # once again, indentation is required
+    print("while loop example")
+    y += 1  #this iterates variable y every time the loop is runned (same as writing y = y + 1)
+
+#the result would be outputting "while loop example" ten times,
+#until x is no longer greater than y
+
+#be sure to familiarize yourself with the BREAK and CONTINUE statements as well, 
+#as they are vital for mastering python's loop control flow.

python/objects

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+#Everything in python is considered an object.
+#To create your own objects you first need to create a class
+#which can be done as follows. Remember to indent!
+
+class Fruit:  # class names should always be capitalized
+    bio = "fruit"  # this is a class attribute
+
+    def ready(self, color):  # All methods in a class need the self argument
+        self.color = color
+        if self.color == "green":
+            return "The fruit is ripe."
+        else:
+            return "The fruit isn't ready yet"
+
+class Watermelon(Fruit):  # The new class inherits everything from the Fruit class
+    bio = "watermelon"    #  overwrite the bio attribute for the watermelon class
+
+#To make objects simply assign the class to a variable.
+
+fruit = Fruit()
+watermelon = Watermelon()
+
+#Access object attributes as follows
+
+print(fruit.bio)  # prints out "fruit"
+print(watermelon.bio)  # prints out "watermelon"
+
+#To call object methods do
+
+print(watermelon.ready("green"))  # should print out "The fruit is ripe". 
+                                  # remember Watermelon inherited the ready method from Fruit.