storage, fs: move pebble cluster version compat check to InitEnv

[xinhaoz]

storage: move store version checks into fs pkg

Move functions to perform pebble compatibility checks into the fs pkg.

storage: add cluster version to env config

storage, fs: move pebble cluster version compat check to InitEnv

Previously, we performed the CRDB version compatibility check for pebble and the
currently running cluster in the pebble constructor. This commit moves that
check to the file system environment initialization so that we can colocate
with fs encyrption initialization.

We also extend the version checking to validate that pebble's minversion is not
too high for the current cockroach version, to guard against backwards
incompatible changes.

Fixes: #148213

Epic: none
Release note: None

[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is 

[jbowens]

(still reading; flushing comments on first commit)

Reviewed 10 of 10 files at r1, 1 of 19 files at r2.
Reviewable status: complete! 0 of 0 LGTMs obtained (waiting on @annrpom)

---

pkg/storage/minversion/min_version.go line 26 at r1 (raw file):

// MinVersionIsAtLeastTargetVersion returns whether the min version recorded
// on disk is at least the target version.
func MinVersionIsAtLeastTargetVersion(

nit: This is moot if we end up moving this into storage/fs, but if these are in a minversion package I think we should strip the MinVersion prefix from these names to avoid the stutter.

---

pkg/storage/min_version.go line 37 at r1 (raw file):

	}
	filename := atomicRenameFS.PathJoin(dir, minversion.MinVersionFilename)
	if err := fs.SafeWriteToUnencryptedFile(atomicRenameFS, dir, filename, b, fs.UnspecifiedWriteCategory); err != nil {

Maybe we should move the min version stuff into the fs package itself? it seems like the func to write the min version file (writeMinVersionFile) should be in the minversion package, but that's not possible because of the cycle that motivated this move right?

[jbowens]

Nice

@jbowens reviewed 25 of 25 files at r4, 8 of 22 files at r5, 2 of 22 files at r6, 15 of 19 files at r7, 6 of 6 files at r8, all commit messages.
Reviewable status: complete! 1 of 0 LGTMs obtained (waiting on @annrpom)

[xinhaoz]

tftr!
bors r+

[craig]

Build succeeded:

• unit_tests
• docker_image_amd64
• linux_amd64_fips_build
• linux_amd64_build
• acceptance
• examples_orms
• check_generated_code
• lint
• local_roachtest_fips
• local_roachtest