release-24.1.25-rc: roachtest: update liquibase test harness

[rafiss]

Backport 1/1 commits from #154801 on behalf of @rafiss.

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This resolves an issue where the test started failing because of an outdated java version.

fixes #154519
fixes #154606
fixes #154516
fixes #154508
fixes #154504
fixes #154511

Release note: None

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Release justification:

[blathers-crl]

Thanks for opening a backport.

Before merging, please confirm that it falls into one of the following categories (select one):

• Non-production code changes. Includes test-only changes, build system changes, etc.
• Fixes for serious issues. Defined in the policy as correctness, stability, or security issues, data corruption/loss, significant performance regressions, breaking working and widely used functionality, or an inability to detect and debug production issues.
• Other approved changes. These changes must be gated behind a disabled-by-default feature flag unless there is a strong justification not to.

Add a brief release justification to the PR description explaining your selection.

Also, confirm that the change does not break backward compatibility and complies with all aspects of the backport policy.

All backports must be reviewed by the TL and EM for the owning area.

[blathers-crl]

✅ PR #154948 is compliant with backport policy

Confidence: high
Backward compatible: true
Explanation: The pull request is compliant with the CockroachDB backport policy for two main reasons. First, the files modified in the pull request are strictly within the 'pkg/cmd/roachtest/' directory, which is classified under 'Development tools' according to the backport policy. Since changes to development tools are exempt from the standard backport policy requirements, this pull request automatically qualifies for an exception. Second, even though the PR body lacks a complete 'Release justification:', the nature of the changes being limited to a roachtest subsystem means they are inherently non-production. These changes are geared towards updating test harness components to address failures due to an outdated Java version in tests, rather than modifying any production code or features affecting end-users.

_{🦉 Hoot! I am a Blathers, a bot for CockroachDB. My owner is dev-inf.}

[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is