[master] ci: Test more distros in GHA workflow

[vvoland]

Add distros from Jenkinsfile to GHA

[vvoland]

@thaJeztah LGTY?

[thaJeztah]

Oh! Looks like we didn't update this repository yet to use ubuntu 24.04 (so it will start failing soon);

docker-ce-packaging/.github/workflows/ci.yml

Line 15 in fe5019f

runs-on: ubuntu-20.04

[thaJeztah]

Changes LGTM overall;

• Should we copy the "EOL" date comments to this file as well? (it's useful to have those as a reminder when distros become EOL)
• Should we start removing distros from the Jenkinsfile? Or do we want the internal ("release packaging") repository to be updated first (i.e., have this repository also run in the Jenkins environment in case they're different).

[thaJeztah]

Also (bit orthogonal, and definitely for separate); I was considering if we should group builds per architecture so that we could potentially make use of caching. Currently I don't think it makes a lot of difference (as the builds happen in a docker run), but if we at some point rewrite them to be done in a docker build, we may be able to take advantage of some caching.

[vvoland]

I'd keep the Jenkins file as the source of truth for now. Let's avoid putting the "EOL" comments in two places - there's already too many repos we have to go through for packaging different distros 🙈

[vvoland]

Currently the workflow only tests the amd64 so there's nothing much to group (yet).

[vvoland]

Sneaked in a commit to bump the ubuntu to 24

[thaJeztah]

Let's avoid putting the "EOL" comments in two places

Yeah, this was with the idea in mind if we'd remove them from Jenkins; we can do it when we do that.

[thaJeztah]

LGTM