chore: modernize build system, add CI/CD, MPS support, and comprehensive tests

[fcarli]

Summary

Build system & tooling

• Migrate from Poetry/setup.py to uv (uv.lock, pyproject.toml rewrite, remove poetry.lock/setup.py/requirements.txt/MANIFEST.in)
• Add multi-CUDA version support via uv extras (cu124, cu126, etc.) alongside CPU extra
• Add Makefile for common dev commands
• Broaden PyTorch support to >=2.3.1

CI/CD

• Add GitHub Actions CI: lint + test matrix (3 OS × 3 Python versions) on push/PR to main and dev
• Add release workflow (tag-triggered PyPI publish via semantic-release)
• Handle OpenMP env vars to prevent FAISS/PyTorch segfaults in CI

Device support

• Auto-detect MPS device and handle sparse tensor limitation
• Replace sparse tensors with searchsorted-based lookups in TorchSparseDataset for full MPS compatibility

Tests

• Add comprehensive test suite: test_core, test_datasets_covariates, test_datasets_edge, test_models_mlp, test_utils_graph, test_utils_losses
• Add shared fixtures in conftest.py with OpenMP conflict prevention

Code quality & docs

• Add pre-commit config, .gitignore overhaul, py.typed marker
• Add CHANGELOG.md, CONTRIBUTING.md
• Enhance README with badges, updated install instructions, citation section
• Fix ruff lint issues and add missing docstrings
• Update example notebook

Test plan

• CI lint job passes (ruff check + format)
• CI test matrix passes across OS/Python combinations
• MPS device path works on Apple Silicon
• uv build produces valid wheel
• Pre-commit hooks install and run cleanly

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