Feature/lab6

.github/pull_request_template.md

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+## Goal
+[Provide a clear the goal of PR]
+
+## Changes
+- [List the key changes or modifications made in the code.]
+- [Highlight any significant refactoring or architectural decisions.]
+
+## Testing
+[Provide clear instructions on how to test the changes locally.]
+
+### Checklist:
+- [ ] Clear title and description
+- [ ] Documentation/README updated if needed
+- [ ] No secrets or large temporary files

.github/workflows/lab3-ci.yml

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+name: Lab 3 CI Pipeline
+
+on:
+  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  explore-github-actions:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Run a one-line script
+        run: echo "Hello, World! This job is running on a ${{ runner.os }} server powered by GitHub Actions!"
+
+      - name: Debug Information
+        run: |
+          echo "This job is running on: ${{ runner.os }}"
+          echo "The GitHub Actor who triggered it is: ${{ github.actor }}"
+          echo "The GitHub SHA of the commit is: ${{ github.sha }}"
+
+      - name: Gather System Information
+        run: |
+          echo "--- OS Information ---"
+          uname -a
+          echo "--- CPU Information ---"
+          lscpu
+          echo "--- Memory Information ---"
+          free -h
+          echo "--- Disk Usage ---"
+          df -h

labs/submission1.md

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+# Signing commits
+
+Signing commits is the only way to cryptographically prove that the user is the true author of his work and that it has not been changed after creation.
+
+# Benefits of signing commits
+
+- It is impossible to impersonate another developer
+- Guarantees that the code in the commit has not been changed after its creation
+- Signed commits show that the project can be trusted

labs/submission2.md

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+## Task 1
+
+```bash
+git cat-file -p 439bf53     # commit_hash
+```
+Output
+```
+tree dcaa1e94d50c159627af01884315276133a3d548
+parent d59bfed5ef4f292af5d591d6c1883333901b8e32
+author Aleliya <aleliya2005@gmail.com> 1757689894 +0300
+committer Aleliya <aleliya2005@gmail.com> 1757689894 +0300
+gpgsig -----BEGIN SSH SIGNATURE-----
+<SSH SIGNATURE was here>
+ -----END SSH SIGNATURE-----
+
+Update test1 file
+```
+---
+
+```bash
+git cat-file -p dcaa1e94d50c159627af01884315276133a3d548        # tree_hash
+```
+Output
+```
+040000 tree 6997d00fd149a3c2fee5d8b20c2b39ba815498f4    .github  
+100644 blob 4db373667a50f14a411bb5c7e879690fd08aacc1    README.md
+040000 tree 61d4d824c8deb93779f2620042486ccda0cd241b    labs
+040000 tree 1865343f08695045014e0ed223b464e5403fca25    lectures
+100644 blob c6a93f3dab646d08504b538a6ef9d44713fa030f    test1.txt
+```
+---
+```bash
+git cat-file -p c6a93f3dab646d08504b538a6ef9d44713fa030f #blob_hash for test1.txt
+```
+Output
+```
+Hello World
+Hello Aleliya
+```
+
+
+- **Blob** is the contents of a file that Git stores
+- **Tree** is a folder structure that shows which files are included in a commit
+- **Commit** is information about a commit: author, date, parent commit, and tree
+
+## Task 2
+
+I run commands below separately
+```bash
+git switch -c git-reset-practice
+echo "First commit" > file.txt && git add file.txt && git commit -m "First commit"
+echo "Second commit" >> file.txt && git add file.txt && git commit -m "Second commit"
+echo "Third commit" >> file.txt && git add file.txt && git commit -m "Third commit"
+
+git reset --soft HEAD~1   # only move the pointer one commit back, but the files remain changed
+
+git reset --hard HEAD~1    # moves back a commit and deletes the changes
+
+git reflog    # shows the history of all actions in the git
+
+git reset --hard 75c6e75   # restores the commit
+```
+
+After commits 
+```bash
+ git log --oneline
+```
+output
+```
+75c6e75 (HEAD -> git-reset-practice) Third commit
+b512348 Second commit
+60c05b2 First commit
+```
+After all the commands above
+```bash
+git reflog
+```
+Output
+```
+75c6e75 (HEAD -> git-reset-practice) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 75c6e75
+60c05b2 HEAD@{1}: reset: moving to HEAD~1
+b512348 HEAD@{2}: reset: moving to HEAD~1
+75c6e75 (HEAD -> git-reset-practice) HEAD@{3}: commit: Third commit        
+b512348 HEAD@{4}: commit: Second commit
+60c05b2 HEAD@{5}: commit: First commit
+```
+
+### What has changed with each reset:
+
+- **git reset --soft HEAD~1** - the "Third commit" has disappeared from history, but the changes have remained prepared for the commit.
+
+- **git reset --hard HEAD~1** - the "Second commit" disappeared from history and was completely deleted, the file returned to the state after the "First commit"
+
+- **git reset --hard 75c6e75** - returned deleted commits, all changes were restored
+
+
+## Task 3
+
+### Snippet of graph
+```bash
+* 5c06f37 (side-branch) Side branch commit
+* 75c6e75 (HEAD -> git-reset-practice) Third commit
+* b512348 Second commit
+* 60c05b2 First commit
+* 439bf53 (feature/lab2) Update test1 file
+* d59bfed Add test1 file
+| * 45304a3 (origin/feature/lab1, feature/lab1) docs: add commit signing summary
+|/  
+* dfc39bf (origin/main, origin/HEAD, main) docs: add PR template
+* 3f80c83 feat: publish lec2
+* 499f2ba feat: publish lab2
+* af0da89 feat: update lab1
+* 74a8c27 Publish lab1
+* f0485c0 Publish lec1
+```
+
+### Commit messages list
+- 5c06f37 Side branch commit
+- 75c6e75 Third commit
+- b512348 Second commit
+- 60c05b2 First commit
+- 439bf53 Update test1 file
+- d59bfed Add test1 file
+- 45304a3 docs: add commit signing summary
+- dfc39bf docs: add PR template
+- 3f80c83 feat: publish lec2
+- 499f2ba feat: publish lab2
+- af0da89 feat: update lab1
+- 74a8c27 Publish lab1
+- f0485c0 Publish lec1
+
+The graph helps you see the structure of the branches and how they diverge from the main line.
+You can immediately see which branch is located, which commits are included in it,
+and how everything is connected to the main branch.
+
+
+## Task 4
+
+### The commands that I used
+```bash
+git tag v1.0.0          #created an tag for the current commit
+git push origin v1.0.0
+git tag                #checked the list of tags
+git show v1.0.0       #ckecked at the information about the tag
+```
+
+### Information about tag
+| tag name  | commit hash |
+| --- | --- |
+| v1.0.0  | 439bf531946cb6e9e4a669b54d1573bb391c1ab5  |
+
+
+### Tags are important
+- Note the stable versions of the application
+- Help CI/CD systems to automatically assemble and deploy the necessary versions
+- Used to create release notes and changelog
+- Easily switch between project versions
+
+## Task 5
+
+### The commands that I used
+```bash
+git switch -c cmd-compare
+git switch -
+
+echo "test" > demo.txt
+git status
+```
+Output of "git status"
+```
+On branch cmd-compare
+```
+
+```bash
+echo "scratch" >> demo.txt
+git add demo.txt
+git status
+```
+Output of "git status"
+```
+On branch cmd-compare
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
+        new file:   demo.txt
+```
+
+```bash
+git restore --staged demo.txt
+git status
+```
+Output of "git status"
+```
+On branch cmd-compare
+```
+---
+```bash
+git branch
+```
+Output
+```
+* cmd-compare
+  feature/lab1
+  feature/lab2
+  git-reset-practice
+  main
+  side-branch
+```
+
+### When to use each command
+- **git switch** - only for switching between branches and creating new branches
+- **git restore** - only for working with file (undo changes, restore from commits)
+- **git checkout** is an old command, best avoided

labs/submission3.md

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+## Task 1
+
+**Link to a successful run:**  
+https://github.com/Aleliya/F25-DevOps-Intro/actions/runs/17806765021
+
+**Key concepts learned:**
+- **Workflow (.yml file):** This is an automated process that you describe in the YAML file. It is located in the folder`.github/workflows/`.
+- **Triggers (on: [push]):** Events that trigger workflow. In my case, any push code is sent to the repository.
+- **Jobs:** A set of steps that are performed on the same runner. I have one job it is `explore-github-actions`.
+- **Steps:** Individual commands or actions that are performed sequentially within a job. The steps can run scripts `run:` or use predefined actions `uses:`.
+- **Runner:** A server provided by GitHub, on which jobs are performed. In my case, this is `ubuntu-latest`.
+
+**What caused the run to trigger?**
+The launch was triggered by a `push` event, namely by sending a commit with a new workflow file `lab3-ci.yml` to the 'feature/lab3` branch.
+
+## Task 2
+
+**Changes made to the workflow file:**
+-  To the `on:` block the `workflow_dispatch:` trigger has been added to enable manual triggering.
+-  Added a new step `Gather System Information` for task 2.
+- This step uses Linux commands (`uname -a`, `lscpu`, `free -h`, `df -h`) to collect detailed information about the runner's system.
+
+**Collected information about the system (logs from "Gather System Information"):**
+```
+--- OS Information ---
+Linux runnervmf4ws1 6.11.0-1018-azure #18~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Sat Jun 28 04:46:03 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
+--- CPU Information ---
+Architecture:                         x86_64
+CPU op-mode(s):                       32-bit, 64-bit
+Address sizes:                        48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
+Byte Order:                           Little Endian
+CPU(s):                               4
+On-line CPU(s) list:                  0-3
+Vendor ID:                            AuthenticAMD
+Model name:                           AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
+CPU family:                           25
+Model:                                1
+Thread(s) per core:                   2
+Core(s) per socket:                   2
+Socket(s):                            1
+Stepping:                             1
+BogoMIPS:                             4890.85
+Flags:                                fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves user_shstk clzero xsaveerptr rdpru arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm
+Virtualization:                       AMD-V
+Hypervisor vendor:                    Microsoft
+Virtualization type:                  full
+L1d cache:                            64 KiB (2 instances)
+L1i cache:                            64 KiB (2 instances)
+L2 cache:                             1 MiB (2 instances)
+L3 cache:                             32 MiB (1 instance)
+NUMA node(s):                         1
+NUMA node0 CPU(s):                    0-3
+Vulnerability Gather data sampling:   Not affected
+Vulnerability Itlb multihit:          Not affected
+Vulnerability L1tf:                   Not affected
+Vulnerability Mds:                    Not affected
+Vulnerability Meltdown:               Not affected
+Vulnerability Mmio stale data:        Not affected
+Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected
+Vulnerability Retbleed:               Not affected
+Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:   Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
+Vulnerability Spec store bypass:      Vulnerable
+Vulnerability Spectre v1:             Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
+Vulnerability Spectre v2:             Mitigation; Retpolines; STIBP disabled; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
+Vulnerability Srbds:                  Not affected
+Vulnerability Tsx async abort:        Not affected
+--- Memory Information ---
+               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
+Mem:            15Gi       791Mi        13Gi        39Mi       1.5Gi        14Gi
+Swap:          4.0Gi          0B       4.0Gi
+--- Disk Usage ---
+Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
+/dev/root        72G   46G   27G  64% /
+tmpfs           7.9G   84K  7.9G   1% /dev/shm
+tmpfs           3.2G  1.1M  3.2G   1% /run
+tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
+/dev/sdb16      881M   60M  760M   8% /boot
+/dev/sdb15      105M  6.2M   99M   6% /boot/efi
+/dev/sda1        74G  4.1G   66G   6% /mnt
+tmpfs           1.6G   12K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1001
+```