SCADA System for Solar Power Generationusing Raspberry Pi 3

Introduction

The SCADA Solar Rooftop System project aims to build a smart monitoring and control system for rooftop solar power using SCADA technology.
It integrates hardware (PV, Inverter, Battery, Data Logger, Raspberry Pi) and software (SCADA/HMI, Cloud) to monitor, control, and optimize solar energy operations.

Key Benefits:

• Reduce electricity costs.
• Utilize clean & renewable energy.
• Real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance.
• Increase energy independence for households and businesses.

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System Architecture

The system is divided into 3 SCADA levels:

1. Field Level

   • PV Array (solar panels)
   • Combiner Box, Fuse, AC Breaker
   • Battery Bank (energy storage)
   • Weather Station (measures irradiance, temperature, wind, humidity)
   • Inverter (DC → AC conversion)
   • Charge Controller

2. Control Level

   • Inverter (PWM, MPPT control, voltage/current monitoring, SCADA communication)
   • Charge Controller (controls charging process)
   • Data Logger (can trigger safety cut-offs)

3. Supervisory Level

   • Plant SCADA (Server + HMI)
   • Raspberry Pi & Data Logger (data acquisition and transmission)
   • Dashboard (real-time monitoring, alarms, performance analysis)

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Workflow

1. Solar Energy Conversion
   PV array → generates DC power.

2. DC → AC Conversion
   Sunny Boy inverters convert DC → AC 220/380V, synchronized with the grid.

3. Grid Connection & Power Supply
   AC power is supplied to local loads, excess power → exported to the grid.

4. Measurement & Data Collection

   • SDM630, SDM120: measures power, voltage, current.
   • PVmet75: irradiance, temperature, wind speed.
   • Data transmitted via RS485 → Modbus TCP.

5. Data Management & Monitoring

   • SMA Data Manager M + Router + Switch aggregate data.
   • SCADA (Raspberry Pi & Laptop) display and alert.

6. Analysis & Optimization

   • Dashboard shows power vs irradiance.
   • Detects inverter/panel faults and abnormal conditions.

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Main Components

• PV Array: solar panels.
• Combiner Box: fuses and surge protection.
• Charge Controller: manages charging process (PWM/MPPT).
• Battery Bank: stores surplus energy.
• Inverters (x4): DC → AC conversion, grid synchronization.
• Data Logger (Raspberry Pi 3): data acquisition and transmission.
• Weather Station: collects environmental data.
• HMI/SCADA: user interface (PC, Web, Mobile).

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Monitored Parameters

• Generated power (kW)
• Voltage & Current (DC/AC)
• System efficiency (Performance Ratio – PR)
• Battery status (SOC, SOH, temperature)
• Environmental data (irradiance, temperature, wind)

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Installation & Deployment

1. Setup Raspberry Pi 3

   • Install Raspberry Pi OS
   • Install Node-RED, Grafana, InfluxDB
   • Connect via Modbus RTU/TCP to inverters & sensors

2. Deploy SCADA/HMI

   • Web or mobile dashboards
   • Alarm & notifications via email/SMS

3. Cloud Integration (optional)

   • MQTT Broker or Cloud Monitoring