Merged PR 5330: Fix fetching of var data + Error for unsupported types + fix 2 crashes

Fix fetching of var data + Error for unsupported types + fix some crashes

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#### AI description  (iteration 1)
#### PR Classification
Bug fix

#### PR Summary
This pull request addresses issues with fetching variable-length data, adds error handling for unsupported data types, and fixes several crashes.
- `mssql_python/pybind/ddbc_bindings.cpp`: Improved handling of variable-length data, added detailed logging and exceptions for unsupported data types, and fixed crashes related to data fetching.
- Added `HandleZeroColumnSizeAtFetch` function to manage cases where column size is zero.
- Replaced `SQL_NUMERIC_SIZE` with `MAX_DIGITS_IN_NUMERIC` for better numeric data handling.
- Enhanced logging for errors during data retrieval in `SQLGetData_wrap`.
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Related work items: #33925

Author: Theekshna Kotian

mssql_python/cursor.py

@@ -555,6 +555,7 @@ def execute(self, operation: str, *parameters, use_prepare: bool = True, reset_c
         self.last_executed_stmt = operation
 
         # Update rowcount after execution
+        # TODO: rowcount return code from SQL needs to be handled
         self.rowcount = ddbc_bindings.DDBCSQLRowCount(self.hstmt.value)
 
         # Initialize description after execution
@@ -572,7 +573,7 @@ def executemany(self, operation: str, seq_of_parameters: list) -> None:
             Error: If the operation fails.
         """
         self._check_closed()  # Check if the cursor is closed
-        
+
         # Reset the cursor once before the loop
         self._reset_cursor()
 
@@ -657,6 +658,7 @@ def fetchmany(self, size: int = None) -> List[tuple]:
         # Fetch the next set of rows
         rows = []
         ret = ddbc_bindings.DDBCSQLFetchMany(self.hstmt.value, rows, size)
+        check_error(odbc_sql_const.SQL_HANDLE_STMT.value, self.hstmt.value, ret)
         if ret == odbc_sql_const.SQL_NO_DATA.value:
             return []
         return rows
@@ -676,6 +678,7 @@ def fetchall(self) -> List[tuple]:
         # Fetch all remaining rows
         rows = []
         ret = ddbc_bindings.DDBCSQLFetchAll(self.hstmt.value, rows)
+        check_error(odbc_sql_const.SQL_HANDLE_STMT.value, self.hstmt.value, ret)
         if ret != odbc_sql_const.SQL_NO_DATA.value:
             return []
         return list(rows)
@@ -694,6 +697,7 @@ def nextset(self) -> Union[bool, None]:
 
         # Skip to the next result set
         ret = ddbc_bindings.DDBCSQLMoreResults(self.hstmt.value)
+        check_error(odbc_sql_const.SQL_HANDLE_STMT.value, self.hstmt.value, ret)
         if ret == odbc_sql_const.SQL_NO_DATA.value:
             return False
         return True