Cache dependencies in CI workflow

[dhurley]

Proposed changes

• On main branch create a cache of the go dependencies
• Update all jobs to use new go dependencies cache
• Update testcontainers-go dependency version
• Remove Proxy Sanity Check job

Checklist

Before creating a PR, run through this checklist and mark each as complete.

• I have read the CONTRIBUTING document
• I have run make install-tools and have attached any dependency changes to this pull request
• If applicable, I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• If applicable, I have checked that any relevant tests pass after adding my changes
• If applicable, I have updated any relevant documentation (README.md)
• If applicable, I have tested my cross-platform changes on Ubuntu 22, Redhat 8, SUSE 15 and FreeBSD 13

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 86.39%. Comparing base (7d08f5d) to head (c7761fc).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1378      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   86.40%   86.39%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         102      102              
  Lines       12572    12572              
==========================================
- Hits        10863    10861       -2     
- Misses       1231     1233       +2     
  Partials      478      478              

see 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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