Partitioning-and-Mounting-Linux

This repository provides a comprehensive guide on managing disk partitions, creating file systems, and configuring logical volumes in Linux. It covers essential topics such as MBR and GPT partitioning, file system mounting, and advanced techniques like LVM (Logical Volume Management) and swap space creation.

Table of Contents

1.Basic Partitioning

2.File System Creation and Mounting

3.Dynamic Partitioning (LVM)

4.Swap Creation

1.Basic Partitioning

a)Concepts:

• Partition Types:
  • MBR (Master Boot Record): Supports up to 4 primary partitions.
  • GPT (GUID Partition Table): Allows up to 128 partitions and supports larger disk sizes.
• Primary Partition: Contains bootable and critical system files.
• Extended Partition: Used to create additional logical partitions.

Adding a Hard Disk to Your VMware Virtual Machine

1.Go to setting

• click on Settings and then click Add.

2.Select Hard Disk

• Choose Hard Disk and click Next.

3.Choose the Disk Type

• Select SATA and click Next.

4.Create a New Virtual Disk.

• Choose Create a new virtual disk and click Next.

5.Specify the Disk Size

• Enter the desired disk size and click Next.

6.Finish Adding the Disk

• Review the settings and click Finish.

7.Verify the New Hard Disk

• You will now see the newly added hard disk in the list.

8.Add Additional Disks (Optional)

• Repeat the steps to add more hard disks if needed.

Commands:

b)View Disks and Partitions:

Lists all block devices

Lists partition details

c)Create a New Partition with fdisk:

Steps:

Press n for a new partition.

Choose p for Primary or e for Extended.

Specify Partition Number (default: 1).

Define First and Last Sector (e.g., +8G for size).

Save with w.

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Verify the changes

d)Partition Types and Operations:

View Partitions: p

List Types: l

Change Type: t (e.g., switch 83 to 82 for swap)

Delete Partition: d

Show Free Space: F

Detect Errors: v

Quit Without Saving: q

e)Using gdisk:

Steps:

Press n for a new partition.

Enter Partition Number (default: 1).

Define First and Last Sectors (e.g., +15G for size).

Enter Hex Code for Type (e.g., 8300 for Linux filesystem).

Save with w.

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Verify the changes.

2.File System Creation and Mounting

a)Create File System:

b)Mount Partition:

It is temporary; it will be gone after a restart.

c)Temporary and Persistent Mounting:

• Check Mounted Disks:

• View UUID:

• Add to /etc/fstab for persistent mounting:

vim /etc/fstab

• Apply changes:

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• Unmount and Clean Up All:

Choosing the Right File System

• Enterprise storage: XFS, ZFS, or Btrfs.
• Desktop usage: ext4.
• Compatibility: FAT32 or exFAT.
• Snapshots and advanced features: Btrfs or ZFS.

3.Dynamic Partitioning (LVM)

a)Prepare Physical Volumes:

n # Create new partition

p # Print partition

w # Write and exit

Repeat for /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc.

b)Initialize Physical Volumes:

c)Create Volume Group:

d)Create Logical Volume:

e)Format and Mount:

f)Clean Up:

4.Swap Creation

a)Create Swap Partition:

Change Type: t

Hex Code: 8200 (for swap)

w # Save

b)Enable Swap:

c)Verify:

d)Disable Swap: