Split geological CO2 storage into onshore and offshore. Use new storage potentials

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 ## [Unreleased]
 
 ### input data/calibration
+- **mrremind** new data source for geological CO2 storage potential (split into onshore/offshore and technical vs. limited potentials), replacing the previous LimitCCS output
+  [[#788](https://github.com/pik-piam/mrremind/pull/788)]
 
 ### changed
 - **45_carbonprice** Use ScenarioMIP settings as new default for regional carbon price differentiation in 45_carbonprice/functionalForm 
@@ -16,6 +18,10 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
     [[#2231](https://github.com/remindmodel/remind/pull/2231)]
 - **scripts** Forward `reporting` dir to `reportEmiForClimateAssessement`
     [[#2287](https://github.com/remindmodel/remind/pull/2229)]
+- **core** Distinguish between onshore and offshore transport and storage of captured CO2
+    [[#2296](https://github.com/remindmodel/remind/pull/2296)]
+- **reporting** Distinguish between onshore and offshore transport and storage of captured CO2
+    [[#777](https://github.com/pik-piam/remind2/pull/777)]
 
 ### added
 - **40_techpol** implement renewable energy share targets for NPi2025 realization based on NewClimate policy protocol

DESCRIPTION

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Imports:
     raster,
     readr,
     readxl,
-    remind2 (>= 1.186.0),
+    remind2 (>= 2.0.3),
     remindClimateAssessment (>= 0.1.0),
     renv (>= 1.1.1),
     reshape2,

config/default.cfg

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ cfg$regionmapping <- "config/regionmappingH12.csv"
 cfg$extramappings_historic <- ""
 
 #### Current input data revision (<mainrevision>.<subrevision>) ####
-cfg$inputRevision <- "7.81"
+cfg$inputRevision <- "7.84"
 
 #### Current CES parameter and GDX revision (commit hash) ####
-cfg$CESandGDXversion <- "867f557491d5f3e72030799648c5eeac03f40de2"
+cfg$CESandGDXversion <- "fb20462c942811c4bd9b668f7d10126640116ff6"
 
 #### Path to a renv.lock file to restore a project's dependencies from. If NULL, all R packages in their currently installed version will be used.
 cfg$UseThisRenvLock <- NULL

core/bounds.gms

@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ vm_cap.fx("2020",regi,te,rlf) $ (teBio(te) and teCCS(te)) = 0;
 
 *' switch to deactivate carbon sequestration
 if(c_ccsinjecratescen = 0,
-  vm_co2CCS.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") = 0;
+  vm_co2CCS.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf) $ teCCS2rlf(te,rlf) = 0;
 );
 
 *' bound on maximum annual carbon storage by region
@@ -318,7 +318,8 @@ if(c_ccsinjecratescen > 0,
 *' DK 20100929: default value (pm_ccsinjecrate= 0.5%) is consistent with Interview Gerling (BGR)
 *' (http://www.iz-klima.de/aktuelles/archiv/news-2010/mai/news-05052010-2/): 
 *' 12 Gt storage potential in Germany, 50-75 Mt/a injection => 60 Mt/a => 60/12000=0.005
-  vm_co2CCS.up(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") = pm_dataccs(regi,"quan","1") * pm_ccsinjecrate(regi);
+  vm_co2CCS.up(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinjeon","1")  = pm_dataccs(regi,"quan","ccsinjeon")  * pm_ccsinjecrate(regi);
+  vm_co2CCS.up(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinjeoff","1") = pm_dataccs(regi,"quan","ccsinjeoff") * pm_ccsinjecrate(regi);
 
 *** Lower limit for 2020-2030 is capacities of all projects that are operational (2020-2030) from project data base
 *** Upper limit for 2025 and 2030 additionally includes all projects under construction and 30% 
@@ -328,11 +329,12 @@ if(c_ccsinjecratescen > 0,
 *** Potential of EU27 regions is pooled and redistributed according to GDP (Only upper limit for 2030)
 *** Norway and UK announced to store CO2 for EU27 countries. So 50% of Norway and UK potential in 2030 is attributed to EU27-Pool
   if(not cm_emiscen = 1, !! cm_emiscen 1 = BAU
-    vm_co2CCS.lo(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") $ (t.val <= 2030) = s_MtCO2_2_GtC * p_boundCapCCS(t,regi,"operational") $ (t.val <= 2030);
-    vm_co2CCS.up(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje","1") $ (t.val <= 2030) = s_MtCO2_2_GtC * (
+    vm_co2CCS.lo(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinjeon","1") $ (t.val <= 2030) = s_MtCO2_2_GtC * p_boundCapCCS(t,regi,"operational") $ (t.val <= 2030);
+    vm_co2CCS.up(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinjeon","1") $ (t.val <= 2030) = s_MtCO2_2_GtC * (
         p_boundCapCCS(t,regi,"operational") $ (t.val <= 2030)
       + p_boundCapCCS(t,regi,"construction") $ (t.val <= 2030)
       + p_boundCapCCS(t,regi,"planned") $ (t.val <= 2030) * c_fracRealfromAnnouncedCCScap2030);
+      !! DKX: assumptions for ccsinjeoff
   );
 );
 
@@ -344,7 +346,7 @@ if(cm_emiscen = 1,
 
 if(cm_ccapturescen = 2, !! no carbon capture at all
   vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,teCCS,rlf) = 0;
-  vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,"ccsinje",rlf) = 0;
+  vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,te,rlf) $ teCCS2rlf(te,rlf) = 0;
 elseif(cm_ccapturescen = 3), !! no bio carbon capture:
   vm_cap.fx(t,regi_capturescen,te,rlf) $ (teCCS(te) and teBio(te)) = 0;
 elseif(cm_ccapturescen = 4), !! no carbon capture in the electricity sector

core/datainput.gms

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ fm_dataglob("learn", te)$(sameAs(te, "biopyronly") OR sameAs(te, "biopyrhe") OR
 $ifthen.c_techAssumptScen "%c_techAssumptScen%" == "SSP1"
 *** hampers technologies with CCS or FT
 *** TODO: add industry ccs technologies bfcc and idrcc
-    loop(te $ (teCCS(te) or teFischerTropsch(te) or sameas(te,"ccsinje")),
+    loop(te $ (teCCS(te) or teFischerTropsch(te) or teccsinje(te)),  !! DKX: assumptions correct?
         fm_dataglob("inco0",te) =        1.3 * fm_dataglob("inco0",te);
     );
 *** hampers nuclear a lot
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ $elseif.c_techAssumptScen "%c_techAssumptScen%" == "SSP3"
 
 $elseif.c_techAssumptScen "%c_techAssumptScen%" == "SSP5"
 *** favours technologies with CCS or FT
-    loop(te $ (teCCS(te) or teFischerTropsch(te) or sameas(te,"ccsinje")),
+    loop(te $ (teCCS(te) or teFischerTropsch(te) or teccsinje(te)), !! DKX: assumptions correct?
         fm_dataglob("inco0",te) =        0.9 * fm_dataglob("inco0",te);
     );
 *** hampers nuclear
@@ -240,12 +240,16 @@ $endif.c_techAssumptScen
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *** cm_ccsinjeCost cost scenarios
 *** Warning: it applies absolute values; only use it in combination with default c_techAssumptScen SSP2. 
-*** low estimate: ccsinje cost prior to 03/2024; i.e. ~11 USD/tCO2 in 2025, decreasing to ~7.5USD/tCO2 as of 2035
-$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("tech_stat","ccsinje") = 2;
-$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("inco0","ccsinje") = 220;
-$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("constrTme","ccsinje") = 0;
+*** low estimate: ccsinjeon cost prior to 03/2024; i.e. ~11 USD/tCO2 in 2025, decreasing to ~7.5USD/tCO2 as of 2035
+$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("tech_stat","ccsinjeon") = 2;
+$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("inco0","ccsinjeon") = 220;  
+$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("constrTme","ccsinjeon") = 0;
+$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("tech_stat","ccsinjeoff") = 2;      !! DKX: assumptions
+$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("inco0","ccsinjeoff") = 330;        !! DKX: assumptions
+$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "low" fm_dataglob("constrTme","ccsinjeoff") = 0;      !! DKX: assumptions
 *** high estimate: ~20USD/tCO2 (constant), assuming upper end of storage cost and long transport distances
-$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "high" fm_dataglob("inco0","ccsinje") = 550;
+$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "high" fm_dataglob("inco0","ccsinjeon")  = 550;
+$if "%cm_ccsinjeCost%" == "high" fm_dataglob("inco0","ccsinjeoff") = 825;       !! DKX: assumptions
 
 
 *** cm_VRE_supply_assumptions: Modify learning and floor costs for electricity storage and production of VRE
@@ -1180,13 +1184,25 @@ loop(te,
 teEtaConst(te) = not teEtaIncr(te);
 display teEtaIncr;
 
-*** import regionalized CCS constraints:
-table pm_dataccs(all_regi,char,rlf)                       "maximum CO2 storage capacity using CCS technology. Unit: GtC"
+*** import regionalized storage potential:
+table f_geoStorPot(all_regi,char)                       "different categories of geological storage potential for CO2. Unit: GtC"
 $ondelim
-$include "./core/input/pm_dataccs.cs3r"
+$include "./core/input/f_geoStorPot.cs3r"
 $offdelim
 ;
 
+*** set onshore and offshore storage potential according to c_geoStorPotScen
+if (c_geoStorPotScen eq 1,
+  pm_dataccs(all_regi, "quan", "ccsinjeon")  = f_geoStorPot(all_regi, "potTechOn");
+  pm_dataccs(all_regi, "quan", "ccsinjeoff") = f_geoStorPot(all_regi, "potTechOff");
+elseif (c_geoStorPotScen eq 2),
+  pm_dataccs(all_regi, "quan", "ccsinjeon")  = f_geoStorPot(all_regi, "potLimOn");
+  pm_dataccs(all_regi, "quan", "ccsinjeoff") = f_geoStorPot(all_regi, "potLimOff");
+elseif (c_geoStorPotScen eq 3),
+  pm_dataccs(all_regi, "quan", "ccsinjeon")  = f_geoStorPot(all_regi, "mixedOld");
+  pm_dataccs(all_regi, "quan", "ccsinjeoff") = 0.00001;
+);
+
 ***-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *** adjustment cost parameter
 ***-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1283,7 +1299,7 @@ $endif.cm_subsec_model_steel
   p_adj_coeff(ttot,regi,"MeOH")         = 0.5;
   p_adj_coeff(ttot,regi,"h22ch4")       = 0.5;
 *** CO2 storage and CDR technologies
-  p_adj_coeff(ttot,regi,"ccsinje")      = 1.0;
+  p_adj_coeff(ttot,regi,teccsinje)      = 1.0;
   p_adj_coeff(ttot,regi,"biopyronly")   = 0.55; !! like biochp and bioigcc;
   p_adj_coeff(ttot,regi,"biopyrhe")     = 0.55; !! like biochp and bioigcc;
   p_adj_coeff(ttot,regi,"biopyrchp")    = 0.55; !! like biochp and bioigcc;

core/declarations.gms

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ vm_emiAllMkt(tall,all_regi,all_enty,all_emiMkt)      "total emissions per emissi
 *** ------------- Emissions Positive Variables --------------------------------
 positive variables
 
-v_co2capture(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,all_te,rlf)    "total captured CO2 [GtC/year]"
+v_co2capture(ttot,all_regi)                                 "total captured CO2 [GtC/year]"
 vm_co2CCS(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,all_te,rlf)       "total CO2 injected into geological storage [GtC/a]"
 v_co2capturevalve(ttot,all_regi)                            "total CO2 emitted right after capture [GtC/a], note: used in q_balCCUvsCCS to account for different lifetimes of capture and CCU/CCS te and capacities [GtC/year]"
 v_ccsShare(ttot,all_regi)                                    "fraction of captured CO2 that is stored geologically [share]"
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ q_emiTeMkt(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_emiMkt)        "total energy-emissions per
 q_emiEnFuelEx(ttot,all_regi,all_enty)                "energy emissions from fuel extraction"
 q_emiAllMkt(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_emiMkt)       "total regional emissions for each emission market"
 q_emiCdrAll(ttot,all_regi)                           "summing over all CDR emissions"
-q_balcapture(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,all_te) "balance equation for carbon capture"
+q_balcapture(ttot,all_regi)                          "balance equation for carbon capture"
 q_balCCUvsCCS(ttot,all_regi)                         "balance equation for captured carbon to CCU or CCS or valve"
 q_ccsShare(ttot,all_regi)                            "calculate the share of captured CO2 that is stored geologically"
 ;
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ $ifthen.tech_CO2capturerate not "%c_tech_CO2capturerate%" == "off"
 p_tech_co2capturerate(all_te)                        "Technology specific CO2 capture rate, fraction of carbon from input fuel that is captured [share]" / %c_tech_CO2capturerate% /
 p_PECarriers_CarbonContent(all_enty)                 "Carbon content of PE carriers [GtC/TWa]"
 $endif.tech_CO2capturerate
-pm_dataccs(all_regi,char,rlf)                        "maximum CO2 storage capacity using CCS technology. [GtC]"
+pm_dataccs(all_regi,char,all_te)                     "maximum CO2 storage capacity using CCS technology. [GtC]"
 pm_ccsinjecrate(all_regi)                            "Regional CCS injection rate factor. [1/year]."
 p_extRegiccsinjecrateRegi(ext_regi)                  "Regional CCS injection rate factor. [1/year]. (extended regions)"
 ;

core/equations.gms

@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ q_balSe(t,regi,enty2)$( entySe(enty2) AND (NOT (sameas(enty2,"seel"))) )..
     * vm_prodFe(t,regi,enty4,enty5,te)
     )
   + sum(pc2te(enty,enty3,te,enty2),
-                sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
-        pm_prodCouple(regi,enty,enty3,te,enty2)
-      * vm_co2CCS(t,regi,enty,enty3,te,rlf)
-                )
-         )
+        sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
+          pm_prodCouple(regi,enty,enty3,te,enty2)
+        * vm_co2CCS(t,regi,enty,enty3,te,rlf)
+        )
+    )
 ***   add (reused gas from waste landfills) to segas to not account for CO2
 ***   emissions - it comes from biomass
   + ( s_MtCH4_2_TWa
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ q_emiTe(t,regi,emiTe(enty))..
 *' transformations within the chain of CCS steps (Leakage).
 ***-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 q_emiTeDetailMkt(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3,emiMkt)$(
-                           emi2te(enty,enty2,te,enty3)
+                           emi2te(enty,enty2,te,enty3)  !! emi2te = cco2.ico2.ccsinje.co2
                         OR (pe2se(enty,enty2,te) AND sameas(enty3,"cco2")) ) ..
   vm_emiTeDetailMkt(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3,emiMkt)
   =e=
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ q_emiTeDetailMkt(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3,emiMkt)$(
         pm_emifac(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3)
       * vm_demPe(t,regi,enty,enty2,te)
       )
-    + sum((ccs2Leak(enty,enty2,te,enty3),teCCS2rlf(te,rlf)),
+    + sum((ccs2Leak(enty,enty2,te,enty3),teCCS2rlf(te,rlf)), !! ccs2Leak = cco2.ico2.ccsinje.co2
         pm_emifac(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3)
       * vm_co2CCS(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,rlf)
       )
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ q_emiCdrAll(t,regi)..
   + ( !! pe2se-BECC 
       sum(emiBECCS2te(enty,enty2,te,enty3),vm_emiTeDetail(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3)) !! positive value
         !! + gross DACC 
-      - sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, "dac"))) !! negative value
+      - vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, "dac")) !! negative value
       !! scaled by the fraction that gets stored geologically
      *  v_ccsShare(t,regi) 
   !! 2. gross CDR from Enhanced Weathering
@@ -880,15 +880,19 @@ q_budgetCO2eqGlob$(cm_emiscen=6)..
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *' Definition of carbon capture :
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-q_balcapture(t,regi,ccs2te(ccsCo2(enty),enty2,te)) ..
-  sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), v_co2capture(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,rlf))
+
+***q_balcapture(t,regi, enty,  enty2, te)
+***q_balcapture(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinjeon")
+
+q_balcapture(t,regi) ..
+  v_co2capture(t,regi)
   =e=
     !! carbon captured in energy sector
-    sum(emi2te(enty3,enty4,te2,enty),
-      vm_emiTeDetail(t,regi,enty3,enty4,te2,enty)
+    sum(emi2te(enty3,enty4,te2,"cco2"),
+      vm_emiTeDetail(t,regi,enty3,enty4,te2,"cco2")
     )
     !! carbon captured from CDR technologies in CDR module
-  + sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_co2capture_cdr(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,rlf))
+  + sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_co2capture_cdr(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf))
     !! carbon captured from industry
   + sum(emiInd37, vm_emiIndCCS(t,regi,emiInd37))
   + sum((sefe(entySe,entyFe),emiMkt)$(
@@ -904,15 +908,15 @@ q_balcapture(t,regi,ccs2te(ccsCo2(enty),enty2,te)) ..
 *' atmosphere)
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 q_balCCUvsCCS(t,regi) ..
-  sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), v_co2capture(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf))
+  v_co2capture(t,regi)
   =e=
     sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_co2CCS(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf))
   + sum(teCCU2rlf(te,rlf), vm_co2CCUshort(t,regi,"cco2","ccuco2short",te,rlf))
   + v_co2capturevalve(t,regi)
 ;
 
 q_ccsShare(t,regi) ..
-  sum(teCCS2rlf(te, rlf), v_co2capture(t, regi, "cco2", "ico2", "ccsinje", rlf))  * 
+  v_co2capture(t,regi)  * 
   v_ccsShare(t,regi) 
   =e=
   sum(teCCS2rlf(te, rlf), vm_co2CCS(t, regi, "cco2", "ico2", te, rlf))
@@ -922,10 +926,10 @@ q_ccsShare(t,regi) ..
 *' Definition of the CCS transformation chain:
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-q_limitCCS(regi,ccs2te2(enty,"ico2",te),rlf)$teCCS2rlf(te,rlf)..
+q_limitCCS(regi,ccs2te(enty,"ico2",te),rlf)$teCCS2rlf(te,rlf)..
         sum(ttot $(ttot.val ge 2005), pm_ts(ttot) * vm_co2CCS(ttot,regi,enty,"ico2",te,rlf))
         =l=
-        pm_dataccs(regi,"quan",rlf);
+        pm_dataccs(regi,"quan",te);
 
 
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------

core/input/files

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ p_macBaseVanv.cs4r
 p_macPolCO2luc.cs4r
 p_boundCapCCS.cs4r
 p_boundCapBiochar.cs4r
-pm_dataccs.cs3r
+f_geoStorPot.cs3r
 f_fedemand.cs4r
 f_fedemand_build.cs4r
 pm_NuclearConstraint.cs4r

core/input/generisdata_tech.prn

@@ -154,17 +154,17 @@ lifetime               30        30          45          45          45
 
 
 *** carbon management
-+             ccsinje    weathering         dac      oae_ng      oae_el
-tech_stat           0                         4
-inco0             350          0.01       18800         200         400
-floorcost                                  4800
-constrTme           3
-lifetime           40            20          20          25          25
-mix0             1.00
-eta              1.00          1.00        1.00        1.00        1.00
-omf              0.06          0.84       0.025        0.35        0.17
-ccap0                                    0.0008
-learn                                      0.15
++           ccsinjeon   ccsinjeoff    weathering         dac      oae_ng      oae_el
+tech_stat           0            0                         4
+inco0             350          525          0.01       18800         200         400
+floorcost                                               4800
+constrTme           3            5
+lifetime           40           40            20          20          25          25
+mix0             1.00         1.00
+eta              1.00         1.00          1.00        1.00        1.00        1.00
+omf              0.06         0.12          0.84       0.025        0.35        0.17
+ccap0                                                 0.0008
+learn                                                   0.15
 
 
 $ifthen.cm_subsec_model_steel "%cm_subsec_model_steel%" == "processes"

core/input/generisdata_vintages.prn

@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ $offtext
 +      storspv      storwindon  storwindoff       storcsp       gridspv      gridwindon   gridwindoff       gridcsp
 1          1.0             1.0          1.0           1.0           1.0             1.0           1.0           1.0
 
-+      ccsinje
-1         1.0
++      ccsinjeon  ccsinjeoff
+1         1.0        1.0
 
 +      tdsyngas      tdsyngat       tdsynhos       tdsynpet      tdsyndie
 1        1.0           1.0           1.0           1.0           1.0

core/postsolve.gms

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ pm_PEPrice(ttot,regi,entyPe)$(abs (qm_budget.m(ttot,regi)) gt sm_eps) =
        q_balPe.m(ttot,regi,entyPe) / qm_budget.m(ttot,regi);
 
 *** calculate share of stored CO2 from captured CO2
-pm_share_CCS_CCO2(t,regi) = sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_co2CCS.l(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf)) / (sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), v_co2capture.l(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf))+sm_eps);
+pm_share_CCS_CCO2(t,regi) = sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_co2CCS.l(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf)) / (v_co2capture.l(t,regi)+sm_eps);
 
 
 *CG**ML*: capital interest rate