A simple Python-based energy system model for simulating the UK's 2050 net-zero energy landscape.
This model simulates the UK's future energy system using hourly/daily time series data with the following key capabilities:
- Renewable generation from wind and solar with realistic ERA5-based capacity factors
- Multiple demand scenarios: naive scaling, seasonal scenarios, and CCC CB7 projections
- Energy storage systems with configurable capacity, power and efficiency
- Direct Air Capture (DAC) integration for CO2 removal using excess capacity
- Economic analysis: Cost modeling and optimisation capabilities (in development)
Install dependencies using uv:
uv installRun tests to ensure everything works:
uv run pytestCheck code style:
uv run ruff check .
uv run ruff format .An example simulation run can be found below:
- ✅ Core power system simulation with storage
- ✅ Long & medium-term power storage options
- ✅ Dispatchable low-carbon generation (gas + CCS)
- ✅ 40-year backtesting to ensure system robustness
- ✅ Multiple demand modeling approaches
- ✅ Renewable supply modeling with capacity factors
- ✅ DAC integration for excess energy allocation
- ✅ Transmission/distribution losses (11.3% total)
- 🔄 Hourly time resolution (currently daily)
- 🔄 Interconnector modeling (28 GW capacity by 2050)
- 🔄 Economic optimization and cost modeling
See todo.md for detailed development roadmap.
Historical weather data from ERA5, renewable capacity factors from Renewables.ninja, and demand projections from the CCC Seventh Carbon Budget. See src/data/README.md for complete data source documentation.
| Title | Author | Date | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Large-scale electricity storage | Royal Society | 2023 | Report |
| Exploration of Great Britain's Optimal Energy Supply Mixture and Energy Storage Scenarios Upon a Transition to Net-Zero | Maj Mis | 2024 | Master's thesis |
| Modelling the UK's 2050 Energy System with Carbon Dioxide Removal | Rei Suzuki | 2025 | Master's thesis |
| The Seventh Carbon Budget | CCC | 2025 | Report |
| Future Energy Scenarios (FES) | NESO | 2025 | Report |
| Net Zero Power and Hydrogen: Capacity Requirements for Flexibility (AFRY BID3) | CCC | 2023 | Report |
| Delivering a reliable decarbonised power system | CCC | 2023 | Report |