Add runtime validation for ROS 2 message dataclasses

[siliconlad]

Summary

• add runtime validators that enforce scalar ranges, constant values, and array shapes when ROS 2 dataclasses are constructed
• switch the generated ROS 2 message modules to use the validated dataclass helper
• add regression tests that exercise the new validation checks

Testing

• uvx pre-commit run -a
• uv run --group test pytest . (fails: tests/test_mcap_reader.py::test_reverse_order_messages[without_chunks], tests/test_mcap_reader.py::test_random_order_messages_from_pybag[without_chunks], tests/test_mcap_reader.py::test_random_order_messages_from_pybag[with_chunks], tests/test_mcap_reader.py::test_random_order_messages_from_official_mcap[with_chunks])

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https://chatgpt.com/codex/tasks/task_e_68d06dcb2868832d9a8c85e102d3dc38