[c++] Move logging functionality to a separate object library

[XanthosXanthopoulos]

Issue and/or context: SOMA-820

Changes:
This PR includes:

• Minor refactor of logger implementation
• Move logging functionality to separate object library

Notes for Reviewer:
This PR is the first from a series focused on separating non SOMA specific functionality to a separate object library.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 72.72727% with 12 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 86.36%. Comparing base (b521dae) to head (b14f052).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4377      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   86.36%   86.36%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         139      139              
  Lines       21093    21093              
  Branches       15       15              
==========================================
- Hits        18218    18216       -2     
- Misses       2875     2877       +2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	89.02% <ø> (-0.03%)	⬇️
r	84.99% <72.72%> (ø)

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Components	Coverage Δ
python_api	89.02% <ø> (-0.03%)	⬇️
libtiledbsoma	77.24% <ø> (ø)

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[jp-dark]

Two small optional comments, but otherwise looks good.

[jp-dark]

What's the value in switching these from const std::string to inline constexpr std::string_view? The previous method seems more direct.

[XanthosXanthopoulos]

Depending on the string length using a std::string you may have a heap allocation. In this case this is not relevant because LOG_PATTERN is passed by value to spdlog so any optimization is ineffective. i will revert to the old method.