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17 changes: 17 additions & 0 deletions .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
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{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Win32",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**"
],
"defines": [
"_DEBUG",
"UNICODE",
"_UNICODE"
],
"intelliSenseMode": "msvc-x64"
}
],
"version": 4
}
39 changes: 38 additions & 1 deletion hw01.md
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我的第一次作业
我的第一次作业
## 名词解释

1.computer\计算机

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

计算机是可以被指示执行的序列的装置算术或逻辑通过自动操作的计算机编程。

2.computer science\计算机科学

Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers.

计算机科学是对理论,实验和工程的研究,它们构成了计算机设计和使用的基础。

3.software\软件

Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, that actually performs the work.

计算机软件或简称软件是一个通用术语,指的是告诉计算机如何工作的数据或计算机指令集合,与构建系统的物理硬件相比,实际执行工作。

4.software engineering\软件工程

Software engineering is the application of engineering to the development of software in a systematic method.

软件工程是应用工程的开发的软件中的系统方法。

5.Alan Turing\阿兰·图灵

Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (/ˈtjʊərɪŋ/; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.

阿兰·图灵西森 OBE FRS(/ TJ ʊər ɪ ŋ / ; 1912年6月23日- 7 1954年6月)是一名英国计算机科学家,数学家,逻辑学家,密码分析学家,哲学家,理论生物学家。

6.Moore's law\摩尔定律

Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every two years.

摩尔定律观察到密集集成电路中的晶体管数量大约每两年翻一番。
44 changes: 44 additions & 0 deletions hw02.md
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# 进制转换
① 1分12秒 = (72000)毫秒
② (7A)13 = (101)10
③ (7A)16 = (122)10
④ (7A)16 = (1111010)2 = (172)8
⑤ (1011011)2 = (133)8 = (5B)16
⑥ (678)10 = ( 1010100110)2 = (1246)8
⑦ (111)2 + (101)2 = (1100)2


# 名词解释
1.information\信息

Information is any entity or form that provides the answer to a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty.

信息是为某种问题提供答案或解决不确定性的任何实体或形式。

2.positional notation\按位计数法

Positional notation or place-value notation is a method of representing or encoding numbers.

按位计数法或位置值表示法是表示或编码数字的方法。

3.algorithm\算法

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ (About this sound listen)) is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.

在数学和计算机科学中,算法是如何解决一类问题的明确规范。

4.software bug\软件错误

A software bug is an error, flaw, failure or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways.

一个软件错误是一个错误,瑕疵,故障或故障的计算机程序或系统,导致它产生不正确的或意外的结果,或以意想不到的方式行事。

# 中英文翻译
1.十进制 decimalism

2.二进制 binary system

3.八进制 octonary number system

4.十六进制 hexadecimal

107 changes: 107 additions & 0 deletions hw03.md
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# 练习题1
Write out variables x, y and z in binary code

(1) int8_t x = 67; int8_t y = -7; int8_t z = y - x;

(2) int8_t x = 0xd3;

(3)uint8_t = 0xd3;

(4)int8_t x = 127; int8_t y = -7; int8_t z = y – x;

(5) float x = 1.125;

(6) float x = 23.0;

(7) float x = 0.45;

上述代码中,哪些出现溢出错误,哪些出现精度误差。

## 答案
(1) x=(01000011)2 ; y=(10000111)2 ;
z=(11001010)2;

(2) x=(011010011)2 超过8位,溢出

(3) x=(011010011)2

(4) x=(011111111)2; y=(10000111)2;
z=(110010110)2 超过8位,溢出

(5) x=1.001

(6) x=(10111)2

(7) X=(0.011100110……)2

出现溢出错误:(2);(4)中的z

出现精度误差:(7)

# 名词解释

1.method of complements\补语方法

In mathematics and computing, the method of complements is a technique used to subtract one number from another using only addition of positive numbers.

在数学和计算中,补语方法是一种仅使用正数加法从另一个数中减去一个数的技术。


2.byte\字节

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

字节是数字信息的单位,通常由8 位组成,表示二进制数。

3.integer (computer science)\整数(计算机科学)

In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers.

在计算机科学中,一个整数是一个基准的积分数据类型,一个数据类型,它表示一些数学整数范围。

4.floating point\浮点

Floating point refers to the fact that a number's radix point (decimal point, or, more commonly in computers, binary point) can "float"; that is, it can be placed anywhere relative to the significant digits of the number.

浮点指的是数字的小数点(小数点,或者更常见的是在计算机中,二进制点)可以“浮动”; 也就是说,它可以放在相对于数字有效数字的任何位置。

# 练习题2

仔细阅读” Method of complements”的内容,你将注意到nines‘ complement in the decimal 和 ones’ complement in binary 等概念.

1)请证明:二进制的负数(two‘s complement of X)等于 X 的 ones’ complement + 1(即,X每位求反加1)

2)Int8_t x = - 017; 请用8进制描述变量 x。在c中017即(017)8
## 答案

(1)
![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/007jCw9lgy1fw31fj5o0oj32c03401ky.jpg)

(2)-017=(361)8
# 练习题3

阅读维基百科” Two‘s complement”的内容,特别是Sign extension小节内容。

1)C程序:int8_t x = -0x1f; int y = x; 请用16进制描述变量 x 和 y,并说明 int y = x 的计算过程。

2)请用数学证明,为什么可以这么计算。

## 答案
(1) x=0xe1 y=0xffffffe1

x=-0x1f=(11100001)2=0xe1

y=x=(11111111 11111111 11111111 11100001)2=oxffffffe1

(2)
![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/007jCw9lgy1fw3b15eciyj32c0340x6p.jpg)


# 练习题4

阅读维基百科” Floating point”的内容,

(1) NaN 是什么?

## 答案
IEEE 754 specifies a special value called "Not a Number" (NaN) to be returned as the result of certain "invalid" operations, such as 0/0, ∞×0, or sqrt(−1).
54 changes: 54 additions & 0 deletions hw04.md
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# 名词解释

1.ASCII\美国标准信息交换码

ASCII (/ˈæskiː/ (About this sound listen) ASS-kee),abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.

美国标准信息交换码,是一种字符编码用于电子通信标准。

2.color\颜色

Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color categories, with names such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, or purple.

颜色是通过颜色类别描述的人类 视觉感知的特征,其名称为红色,橙色,黄色,绿色,蓝色或紫色。

# 课后练习
简单回答以下问题:

1.写出字符“A”,“中”的ASCII 码、Unicode 码、 utf-8 编码。

2.黄色(yellow)的RGB编码是( , , )

3.从网上下载一个 BMP 格式图像,用图片编辑工具另存在 jpg、 png、tiff 格式。问三种格式中,哪种格式显示质量好?相对于 BMP 格式,压缩率各是多少?

4.Winrar压缩文件是lossless, or lossy 方法?

## 答案

1.A

ASCII: 41

Unicode: 0041

utf-8: 41


ASCII: 无

Unicode: 4E2D

utf-8: D6D0 4E2D E4 B8 AD

2.(255,255,0)

3.png.

jpg:7.6%

png:34.3%

tiff :48.6%

4.lossless
69 changes: 69 additions & 0 deletions hw05.md
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1) Give the three representations of an AND gate and say in your words what AND means.


![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/007jCw9lgy1fwiksu4hl7j30p907o3zc.jpg)

当输入值都为1时,输出1;否则输出0.

2) Give the three representations of an XOR gate and say in your words what XOR means.

![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/007jCw9lgy1fwikvsztdlj30nt071t9i.jpg)

当两个输入值相同时,输出0;当两个输入值不同时,输出1.

3) Draw a circuit diagram corresponding to the following Boolean expression: (A + B)(B + C)

![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/007jCw9lgy1fwil3t1b0qj329m0xdkd4.jpg)

4) Show the behavior of the following circuit with a truth table:

![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/007jCw9lgy1fwiliovy6uj328312iqsw.jpg)

5) What is circuit equivalence? Use truth table to prove the following formula. (AB)’ = A’ + B’

![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/007jCw9lgy1fwilq2gcf4j32c00pdtlf.jpg)

6) There are eight 1bit full adder integrated circuits. Combine them to 8bit adder circuit using the following box diagram.

![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/007jCw9lgy1fwim05otdyj32680m3tif.jpg)

7) Logical binary operations can be used to modify bit pattern. Such as (X8X7X6X5X4X3X2X1)2 and (00001111)2= (0000X4X3X2X1)2

We called that (00001111)2 is a mask which only makes low 4 bits to work. Fill the follow expression

(1) (X8X7X6X5X4X3X2X1)2 or (00001111)2 = ( X8X7X6X51111)2

(2) (X8X7X6X5X4X3X2X1)2 xor (00001111)2 = (X8⊕0 X7⊕0 X6⊕0 X5⊕0 X4⊕1 X3⊕1 X2⊕1 X1⊕1 )2

if the digit of follow is different from the digit of behind ,the connecting digit in the answer is 1,else,the connecting digit in the answer is 0.

(3) ((X8X7X6X5X4X3X2X1)2 and(11110000)2 ) or (not (X8X7X6X5X4X3X2X1)2 and (00001111)2) = (X8X7X6X5X4’X3’X2’X1’)2


### 使用维基百科,解释以下概念。

1)Logic gate \逻辑门

In electronics, a logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function; that is, it performs a logical operation on one or more binary inputs and produces a single binary output.

在电子学中,逻辑门是实现布尔函数的理想化或物理设备; 也就是说,它对一个或多个二进制输入执行逻辑运算并产生单个二进制输出。

2)Boolean algebra\布尔代数

In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively.

在数学和数学逻辑,布尔代数是的分支代数,其中的值的变量是真值 真和假,通常分别表示为1和0。

### 自学存储电路。维基百科:“Flip-flop”,选择中文:

1)Flip-flop 中文翻译是?

触发器

2)How many bits information does a SR latch store?

1 bit.

An S-R latch stores a single binary digit (1 or 0).


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