All three things

core/datainput.gms

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 *** |  Contact: remind@pik-potsdam.de
 *** SOF ./core/datainput.gms
 
+
+
 *AJS* technical. initialize parameters so that they are read from gdx
 vm_co2eq.l(ttot,regi) = 0;
 vm_emiAll.l(ttot,regi,enty) = 0;
@@ -1450,6 +1452,18 @@ pm_emifac(ttot,regi,"seliqfos","fepet","tdfospet","co2") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fepet"
 pm_emifac(ttot,regi,"seliqfos","fedie","tdfosdie","co2") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fedie") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
 pm_emifac(ttot,regi,"segafos","fegat","tdfosgat","co2") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fegas") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
 
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,"seliqfos","fehos") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fehos") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,"seliqbio","fehos") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fehos") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,"seliqsyn","fehos") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fehos") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
+
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,"segafos","fegas") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fegas") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,"segabio","fegas") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fegas") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,"segasyn","fegas") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fegas") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
+
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,"sesofos","fesos") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fesos") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,"sesobio","fesos") = p_ef_dem(regi,"fesos") / (sm_c_2_co2*1000*sm_EJ_2_TWa); !! GtC/TWa
+
+
 ***------ Read in emission factors for process emissions in chemicals sector---
 *** calculated using IEA data on feedstocks flows and UNFCCC data on chem sector process emissions
 *** these emission factors are for the chemical industry only
@@ -1592,5 +1606,32 @@ p_prodAllReference(t,regi,te) =
 *' initialize vm_changeProdStartyearCost for tax calculation
 vm_changeProdStartyearCost.l(t,regi,te) = 0;
 
+
+
+*** p_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc contains historic LULUCF emissions from UNFCCC, 
+*** used for rescaling land-use change emissions for emissions targets based on national accounting
+parameter pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc(tall,all_regi)                "historic co2 emissions from landuse change based on country accounting [Mt CO2/yr]"
+/
+$ondelim
+$include "./modules/47_regipol/regiCarbonPrice/input/p_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc.cs4r"
+$offdelim
+/
+;
+
+*** difference between 2020 land-use change emissions from Magpie and UNFCCC 2015 and 2020 moving average land-use change emissions
+pm_LULUCFEmi_GrassiShift(t,regi)$(pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2020",regi)) = 
+  pm_macBaseMagpie("2020",regi,"co2luc") 
+  - 
+  (
+    (
+      ((pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2013",regi) + pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2014",regi) + pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2015",regi) + pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2016",regi) + pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2017",regi))/5)
+      +
+      ((pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2018",regi) + pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2019",regi) + pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2020",regi) + pm_EmiLULUCFCountryAcc("2021",regi))/4)
+    )/2
+    * 1e-3/sm_c_2_co2
+  )
+;
+
+
 *** EOF ./core/datainput.gms
 

core/declarations.gms

@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ p_taxCO2eq_iteration(iteration,ttot,all_regi)       "save CO2eq tax used in iter
 pm_taxCO2eq_iterationdiff(ttot,all_regi)              "help parameter for iterative adjustment of taxes"
 pm_taxCO2eq_iterationdiff_tmp(ttot,all_regi)          "help parameter for iterative adjustment of taxes"
 o_taxCO2eq_iterDiff_Itr(iteration,all_regi) "track p_taxCO2eq_iterationdiff over iterations"
+*ACM* parameters for separate markets on emissions and removals
+pm_taxCDR(ttot,all_regi)                             "CDR tax path in T$/GtC = $/kgC. To get $/tCO2, multiply with 272 [T$/GtC]"
+p_taxcdr_iterationdiff(ttot,all_regi)                "helper parameter for cdr revenue level adjustment"
+o_taxCDR_iterDiff_Itr(iteration,all_regi)            "output parameter for manual checking of CDR revenue development"
+
 pm_taxemiMkt(ttot,all_regi,all_emiMkt)                "CO2 or CO2eq region and emission market specific emission tax"
 pm_taxemiMkt_iteration(iteration,ttot,all_regi,all_emiMkt) "CO2 or CO2eq region and emission market specific emission tax per iteration"
 pm_emissionsForeign(tall,all_regi,all_enty)          "total emissions of other regions (nash relevant)"
@@ -96,6 +101,7 @@ p_adj_coeff(ttot,all_regi,all_te)                    "coefficient for adjustment
 p_adj_coeff_glob(all_te)                             "coefficient for adjustment costs - global scale"
 p_switch_cement(ttot,all_regi)                       "describes an s-curve to provide a smooth switching from the short-term behavior (depending on per capita capital investments) to the long-term behavior (constant per capita emissions) of CO2 emissions from cement production"
 p_cint(all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,rlf)               "additional emissions of GHG from mining, on top of emissions from combustion"
+pm_LULUCFEmi_GrassiShift(ttot,all_regi)              "difference between Magpie land-use change emissions and UNFCCC emissions in 2015 to correct for national accounting in emissions targets"
 
 $IFTHEN.agricult_base_shift not "%c_agricult_base_shift%" == "off"
 p_agricult_base_shift(ext_regi)                      "fraction by which to scale agricultural emissions of baseline up or down, positive values increase emissions, negative values decrease emissions" / %c_agricult_base_shift% /
@@ -122,6 +128,8 @@ pm_dataeta(tall,all_regi,all_te)                            "regional eta data"
 p_emi_quan_conv_ar4(all_enty)                               "conversion factor for various gases to GtCeq"
 pm_emifac(tall,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,all_te,all_enty)  "emission factor by technology for all types of emissions in emiTe"
 pm_emifacNonEnergy(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,emi_sectors,all_enty)                "emission factor for non-energy fedstocks. For now only for Chemicals Industry [GtC per TWa]"
+*** ACM tail pipe emission factor for industry emissions
+pm_emifac_tailpipe(tall,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty)         "tail pipe emissions in industry fuel combustion, necessary to calculate industry cdr"
 pm_incinerationRate(ttot,all_regi)                          "share of plastic waste that gets incinerated [fraction]"
 pm_omeg (all_regi,opTimeYr,all_te)                          "technical depreciation parameter, gives the share of a capacity that is still usable after tlt. [none/share, value between 0 and 1]"
 p_aux_lifetime(all_regi,all_te)                             "auxiliary parameter for calculating life times, calculated externally in excel sheet"
@@ -434,6 +442,13 @@ v_priceOfSpecificGoods(ttot, all_regi,all_te)        "Price in in tril$/TWa for
 vm_revenueFromSpecificGoods(ttot, all_regi)          "Revenue in tril$ from products modelled that are not yet demanded elsewhere in the model, e.g. biochar, carbon fibre products"
 
 
+*** Variables needed to calculate Industry CDR
+vm_IndCDR(ttot,all_regi)                             "Industry CDR" 
+vm_IndstShareco2neutrcarbs(ttot,all_regi,entyFE)             "Share of hydrocarbon fuels with atmospheric carbon in Industry FE demand"
+vm_FracCCS(ttot,all_regi)                             "share of geologically stored co2 from captured co2"
+v_shareAtmCO2inSynfuels(ttot,all_regi)               "Share of atmospheric co2 from all captured co2"
+
+
 ;
 ***----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ***                                   EQUATIONS
@@ -558,6 +573,11 @@ q_demSpecificGoodsCalculation(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_te) "derivation for the
 q_priceOfSpecificGoods(ttot, all_regi, all_enty,all_te)   "e"
 qm_revenueOfSpecificGoods(ttot,all_regi)                      "e"
 
+* equations needed to calculate Industry CDR
+q_IndstShareco2neutrcarbs(ttot,all_regi,entyFE)             "Share of hydrocarbon fuels with atmospheric carbon in Industry FE demand"
+q_FracCCS(ttot,all_regi)                             "share of geologically stored co2 from captured co2"
+q_shareAtmCO2inSynfuels(ttot,all_regi)               "Share of atmospheric co2 from all captured co2"
+
 ***----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ***----------------------------------------------trade module------------------------------
 
@@ -618,6 +638,12 @@ p_emi_budget1_gdx                                     "budget for global energy-
 s_actualbudgetco2                                     "actual level of 2020-2100 cumulated emissions, including all CO2 for last iteration"
 s_actualbudgetco2_last                                "actual level of 2020-2100 cumulated emissions for previous iteration" /0/
 
+
+s_actual2050co2                                       "current iterations actual global co2 emissions in 2050 needed to adjust co2 tax until 2050"
+s_actual2050cdr                                       "current iterations actual global cdr amount in 2050 needed to adjust cdr revenues until 2050"
+s_actual2050ghgEUR                                    "current iterations actual EUR ghg emissions including land-use cdr in 2050 needed to adjust co2 tax until 2050"
+s_actual2050cdrEUR                                    "current iterations actual EUR novel cdr amount in 2050 needed to adjust cdr revenues until 2050"
+
 sm_globalBudget_dev                                   "actual level of global cumulated emissions budget divided by target budget"
 
 sm_eps                                                "small number: 1e-9 "  /1e-9/

core/equations.gms

@@ -766,26 +766,80 @@ q_emiMac(t,regi,emiMac) ..
   )
 ;
 
+*** Equations for separate carbon markets on emissions and removals
 ***--------------------------------------------------
-*' All CDR emissions summed up
+*' Share of atmospheric carbon in captured carbon
+***--------------------------------------------------
+q_ShareAtmCO2inSynfuels(t,regi)..
+  v_shareAtmCO2inSynfuels(t,regi)
+  =e=
+  !!Atmospheric CO2 (TODO: actually slightly higher, to be accurate atmospheric Industry carbon capture has to be added)
+  (sum(emiBECCS2te(enty,enty2,te,enty3),vm_emiTeDetail(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3)) !!BECC
+  + sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_ccs_cdr(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf))  !!DACC + OAE
+  !! - excluding carbon from fossil and synthetic fegas from DAC heating
+  -  0.9 * pm_emifac(t,regi,"segafos","fegas","tdfosgas","co2") * vm_demFeSector_afterTax(t,regi,"segafos","fegas","CDR","ETS")
+  -  0.9 * pm_emifac(t,regi,"segafos","fegas","tdfosgas","co2") * vm_demFeSector_afterTax(t,regi,"segasyn","fegas","CDR","ETS"))
+  /
+  !! Divided by all captured CO2 (TODO: To be accurate exclude captured carbon from synfuels in DAC and Industry)
+    (sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
+        vm_co2capture(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf))+sm_eps
+    )
+    ;
+
+***--------------------------------------------------
+*' Share of atmospheric carbon in industry fuels
+***--------------------------------------------------
+q_IndstShareco2neutrcarbs(t,regi,entyFE)..
+  vm_IndstShareco2neutrcarbs(t,regi,entyFE)
+  =e=
+  (sum(entySeBio(entySE),
+    sum(emiMkt$(sector2emiMkt("indst",emiMkt)), vm_demFeSector_afterTax(t,regi,entySE,entyFE,"indst",emiMkt)) * pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,entySE,entyFE))
+  + sum(entySeSyn(entySE),
+    sum(emiMkt$(sector2emiMkt("indst",emiMkt)), vm_demFeSector_afterTax(t,regi,entySE,entyFE,"indst",emiMkt)) * pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,entySE,entyFE) * v_shareAtmCO2inSynfuels(t,regi)$((sameas(entySE,"seliqsyn")) OR (sameas(entySE,"segasyn"))))) 
+    /
+  sum(se_carbs(entySE),
+    sum(emiMkt$(sector2emiMkt("indst",emiMkt)), vm_demFeSector_afterTax(t,regi,entySE,entyFE,"indst",emiMkt)) * pm_emifac_tailpipe(t,regi,entySE,entyFE)
+    + sm_eps)
+;
+
+***--------------------------------------------------
+*' Fraction of captured emissions that get stored geologically
+***--------------------------------------------------
+q_FracCCS(t,regi)..
+  vm_FracCCS(t,regi)
+  =e=
+  (sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
+        vm_co2CCS(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf)) /
+  (sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
+        vm_co2capture(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf))+sm_eps))
+;
+
+
+***--------------------------------------------------
+*' All novel CDR emissions summed up, negative land-use-change emissions are not included
 ***--------------------------------------------------
 q_emiCdrAll(t,regi)..
   vm_emiCdrAll(t,regi)
-       =e= !! BECC + DACC
+       =e= !! BECC 
   (sum(emiBECCS2te(enty,enty2,te,enty3),vm_emiTeDetail(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3))
-  + sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_ccs_cdr(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf)))
+  !! + DACC + OAE process calcination emissions (that are carbon neutral as they are overcompensated by ocean uptake)
+  + sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_ccs_cdr(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf))
+  !! - fossil CCS from DAC with fegas
+  -  0.9 * pm_emifac(t,regi,"segafos","fegas","tdfosgas","co2") * vm_demFeSector_afterTax(t,regi,"segafos","fegas","CDR","ETS"))
   !! scaled by the fraction that gets stored geologically
-  * (sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
-        vm_co2CCS(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf)) /
-  (sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
-        vm_co2capture(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf))+sm_eps))
-  !! net negative emissions from co2luc
-  -  p_macBaseMagpieNegCo2(t,regi)
-       !! negative emissions from the cdr module that are not stored geologically
-       -       (vm_emiCdr(t,regi,"co2") + sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_ccs_cdr(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf)))
+  * vm_FracCCS(t,regi)
+  !! OAE net ocean 
+  + (1 - s33_OAE_chem_decomposition) * vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, "oae")
+  !! CDR from enhanced weathering
+  + vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, "weathering")
+  !! negative emissions from biochar
+  -   sum(emiBiochar2te(enty,enty2,te,enty3), vm_emiTeDetail(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3))
+  !! Industry CDR (CCS from carbon neutral fuels)
+  + vm_IndCDR(t,regi)
 ;
 
 
+
 ***------------------------------------------------------
 *' Total regional emissions are the sum of emissions from technologies, MAC-curves, CDR-technologies and emissions that are exogenously given for REMIND.
 ***------------------------------------------------------