stdbuf: detect unsupported target at build time

[oech3]

Split #11311

[github-actions]

GNU testsuite comparison:

GNU test failed: tests/rm/isatty. tests/rm/isatty is passing on 'main'. Maybe you have to rebase?
Skipping an intermittent issue tests/cut/bounded-memory (passes in this run but fails in the 'main' branch)
Skipping an intermittent issue tests/tty/tty-eof (passes in this run but fails in the 'main' branch)
Note: The gnu test tests/tail/tail-n0f is now being skipped but was previously passing.

[github-actions]

GNU testsuite comparison:

Skip an intermittent issue tests/tail/inotify-dir-recreate (fails in this run but passes in the 'main' branch)
Skipping an intermittent issue tests/date/date-locale-hour (passes in this run but fails in the 'main' branch)
Skipping an intermittent issue tests/date/resolution (passes in this run but fails in the 'main' branch)
Skipping an intermittent issue tests/pr/bounded-memory (passes in this run but fails in the 'main' branch)
Note: The gnu test tests/dd/no-allocate is now being skipped but was previously passing.