feat(TER-345): implement core validation API bindings for Node.js

[ericpsimon]

Summary

Implements the core Term validation API bindings for Node.js, providing TypeScript developers with access to Term's data validation capabilities.

Stacked on

• feat(TER-347): Add unified data source bindings for TypeScript #51 (refactor: restructure Node.js bindings and migrate to TypeScript)

Changes

Rust Implementation

1. Check module (src/check.rs):

   • CheckBuilder class for fluent API
   • Support for completeness, min/max, uniqueness, and mean checks
   • Configurable severity levels (Error, Warning, Info)

2. DataSource module (src/data_source.rs):

   • Support for CSV, Parquet, and JSON files
   • DataSourceBuilder for multi-table setups
   • Row count and column introspection

3. ValidationSuite module (src/validation_suite.rs):

   • Suite builder pattern for composing checks
   • Async validation execution
   • Performance metrics tracking

4. Type definitions (src/types.rs):

   • ValidationResult, ValidationReport, ValidationIssue
   • PerformanceMetrics for execution tracking
   • Enums for Level and ConstraintStatus

TypeScript API

• Complete type definitions in index.d.ts
• Builder pattern for checks and suites
• Full async/await support
• Comprehensive test coverage

Test Plan

• Build the NAPI bindings: npm run build
• Run all tests: npm test
• Verify TypeScript compilation
• Test with sample CSV/Parquet files
• Check memory usage with large datasets

Example Usage

import * as termGuard from '@withterm/term-guard';

// Create a data source
const data = await termGuard.DataSource.fromCsv('data.csv');

// Build validation checks
const suite = termGuard.ValidationSuite.builder('quality-checks')
  .addCheck(
    new termGuard.CheckBuilder('completeness')
      .level(termGuard.Level.Error)
      .isComplete('user_id', 0.99)
  )
  .addCheck(
    new termGuard.CheckBuilder('range')
      .level(termGuard.Level.Warning)
      .hasMin('age', 0)
      .hasMax('age', 120)
  )
  .build();

// Run validation
const result = await suite.run(data);
console.log(`Passed: ${result.report.passedChecks}/${result.report.totalChecks}`);

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